What is Colostomy ?
A colostomy is a surgical procedure – when a portion of the colon (large intestine) is taken to the surface of the abdomen via an opening called a stoma.
This allows feces to bypass the rectum and anus and instead exit the body through the stoma
which is typically covered with a special bag or pouch to collect the waste.
Colostomies are usually performed as a treatment option for various medical conditions that affect the colon.
such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), diverticulitis, trauma or birth defects.
The specific location and type of colostomy can vary depending on the individual’s condition and the extent of the surgical intervention required.
Types of Colostomy
There are different types of colostomies based on the section of the colon involved.
They include:
- Sigmoid colostomy: This is the most common type. It involves bringing the sigmoid colon (the lower part of the colon) to the abdominal surface.
- Transverse colostomy: In this type the transverse colon (the middle part of the colon) is brought to the abdominal surface.
- Descending or left-sided colostomy: This involves bringing the descending colon (the left side of the colon) to the abdominal surface.
Colostomies may be temporary or permanent, depending on the individual’s condition.
Temporary colostomies are usually made when the colon needs to heal after surgery
and they can be reverse at a later time
Permanent colostomies are necessary when it is not feasible to reconnect the colon
or when the rectum and anus are removed.
Living with a colostomy can require some adjustments, both physically and emotionally.
It may take time to adapt to the changes in bowel function
And learn how to care for the stoma and the collection bag.
With proper guidance and support from healthcare professionals, individuals with colostomies can lead active and fulfilling lives.
Colostomy indications
Colostomy indications are –
where surgical intervention is require to divert the fecal flow from normal route through rectum and anus.
Some common indications for a colostomy include:
Colorectal Cancer:
Colostomies may be perform as part of the treatment for colorectal cancer.
They can help bypass a tumor or remove a diseased section of the colon
allowing the remaining healthy parts of the colon to be reconnected.
Colostomies can be temporary or permanent depending on the extent of the cancer and the individual’s overall health.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD):
Severe cases of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis may require a colostomy.
It can help manage complications like bowel obstructions, perforations or severe inflammation which cannot be controll with medications alone.
Diverticulitis:
Diverticulitis is an inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that develop in the colon.
If severe complications occur.
such as a perforation or abscess a colostomy may be necessary
To allow the affected area to heal and avoid further complications.
Trauma or Injury:
Severe injuries to the colon or rectum may require a colostomy to divert fecal flow away from the injured area, allowing it to heal properly.
Birth Defects or Anomalies:
Some individuals are born with congenital conditions that affect the colon or rectum, such as Hirschsprung’s disease or imperforate anus.
In such cases, a colostomy may be performed as part of the treatment plan
to improve the condition and improve quality of life.
It is important to note that the decision to perform a colostomy is made on an individual basis taking into consideration
The specific condition, the extent of the disease or injury and the overall health of the patient.
The healthcare team including surgeons and gastroenterologists will assess the situation and determine the most appropriate course of action.